DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) and immunomodulators showed survival benefits in MDS. Novel combinations with DNMTis can enhance response by improving overall survival (OS). Novel azacitidine combinations have shown promising results. 6,7
Lenalidomide has shown impressive results in del (5q) LR-MDS. Lenalidomide plus ESA may resurrect anemic response. Luspatercept is also a good option for such patients.8
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) involving ‘leukemia driver genes’ results in an increase in all-cause mortality and ischemic heart disease. Targeting clonal hematopoiesis in the aging population is an important area of research. The timing of hematopoietic stem cell transplant is important, and post-transplant DNMTi can help prevent relapse. 9,10