Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm

In a category of uncommon disorders known as gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN), after conception, abnormal trophoblast cells proliferate inside the uterus. A molar pregnancy, an abnormal type of pregnancy in which the fertilized egg develops into a mass of cysts rather than a typical fetus, generally leads to the development of GTNs. Age, several genetic variables, and a history of molar pregnancy are risk factors for GTN. Hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental site trophoblastic tumor are some of the several forms of GTNs.

Gestational trophoblastic disease or other disorders may be to blame for these and other signs and symptoms and these are:
  • Bleeding from the cervix unrelated to menstruation.
  • A uterus that grows bigger than usual while pregnant.
  • Pelvic pressure or pain.
  • Severe morning sickness and vomiting while pregnant.
  • Early on in a pregnancy, high blood pressure, headaches, and swelling in the hands and feet are common.
  • Bleeding in the uterus after delivery that lasts longer than usual.
  • Anemia causes symptoms like exhaustion, breathlessness, lightheadedness, and a rapid or irregular pulse.
The following tests can be used to detect and diagnose gestational trophoblastic illness by looking at the uterus:
  • History and physical examination
  • Pelvic examination
  • Pelvic ultrasound examination
  • Blood test for tumor markers
  • Urinalysis

Based on the illness type, stage, or risk group, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia is treated differently. Treatment options for people with gestational trophoblastic illness vary.

There are three categories of conventional treatment:
  • Surgery: The two various surgical procedures are: hysterectomy, and dilatation and curettage with suction
  • Chemotherapy: Use of drugs to kill cancer cells
  • Targeted therapy/ immunotherapy: These newer medications are used to reduce the risk of recurrence as maintenance therapies or in advanced cancer as palliative therapy.
  • Radiation treatment: Use of high energy X-rays to kill cancer cells